Semiconductors
A semiconductor is an electrical material with a conductivity between that of an insulator and a conductor. Semiconductors are the backbone of modern electronics. They are used in devices such as transistors, diodes, and integrated circuits (ICs) for their ability to control electric current and signal processing. Semiconductor materials are typically made from compounds such as silicon and germanium, or elements such as boron, arsenic, and phosphorus. These materials have a structure in which their electrons can easily move, allowing them to conduct electricity. Semiconductor devices are used in a variety of applications, such as LEDs, solar cells, and computers.