DDDAAATTTAAASSSHHHEEEEEETTT AAAEEEMMM444000999444000 Highly-ecient, regulated dual-output, ambient energy manager for high-frequency RF input with optional primary battery Features Description Ultra-low-power start-up: The AEM40940 is an integrated energy management subsys- - RF input power from -19.5 dBm up to 10 dBm (typical) tem that extracts AC power from high-frequency RF inputs to - Cold start from the RF input or from the storage device simultaneouslystoreenergyinarechargeableelementandsup- ply the system with two independent regulated voltages. The Wide frequency range, low power, integrated rectier: AEM40940 allows to extend battery lifetime and ultimately - With868MHz, 915MHzand2.45GHzmatchingnetworks eliminates the primary energy storage element in a large range available of wireless applications, such as industrial monitoring, indoor Ultra-low-power boost regulator: geolocation, home automation, e-health monitoring and wire- - Open-circuit voltage sensing for MPPT every 0.33 s less sensor nodes. - Congurable MPPT with 2-pin programming TheAEM40940harveststheavailableinputpowerupto10dBm. - Selectable Voc ratios of 60, 65 or 70 % Itintegratesanultra-lowpowerrectiercombinedwithaboost - Input voltage operation range from 50 mV to 2.5 V converter to charge a storage element, such as a Li-ion bat- - MPPT voltage operation range from 50 mV to 2.5 V tery, a thin lm battery, a supercapacitor or a conventional - Constant impedance matching (ZMPPT) capacitor. With its unique cold-start circuit, it can start oper- Integrated 1.2/1.8 V LDO regulator: ating with empty storage elements at an input power as low - Up to 20 mA load current as -19.5 dBm. - Power gated dynamically by external control The low-voltage supply typically drives a microcontroller at - Selectable output voltage 1.2V or1.8 V.Thehigh-voltagesupplytypicallydrives aradio transceiver at 1.8 V, 2.5 V or 3.3 V. Bothare driven by highly- Integrated 1.8/2.5/3.3 V LDO regulator: ecient LDO (Low Drop-Out) regulators for low noise and - Up to 80 mA load current with 300 mV drop-out high stability. - Power gated dynamically by external control Conguration pins determine various operating modes by set- - Selectable output voltage tingpredenedconditionsfortheenergystorageelement(over- Flexible energy storage management: chargeoroverdischargevoltages), andby selectingthe voltage - Selectableoverchargeandoverdischargeprotectionforany of the high-voltage supply and the low-voltage supply. type of rechargeable battery or (super)capacitor The chip integrates all the active elements for powering a typ- - Fast supercapacitor charging ical wireless sensor. Five capacitors and two inductors are re- - Warns the load when battery is running low quired, available in the small 0402 and 0603 size, respectively. - Warns when output voltage regulators are available With only seven external components excluding the matching Smallest footprint, smallest BOM: network,integrationismaximum, footprintandBOM aremin- - Only seven passive external components imum, optimizing the time-to-market and the costs of WSN designs. Optional primary battery: - Automatically switches to the primary battery when the Device information secondary battery is exhausted Integrated balun for dual-cell supercapacitor Part number Package Body size 10AEM40940C0000 QFN 28-pin 5mm x 5mm Applications RF harvesting Home automation Industrial monitoring E-health monitoring Indoor geolocation Wireless sensor nodes Power Matching receiving Primary network antenna battery BUCK (optional) SRC PRIM R8 (optional) ZMPP FB PRIM U R7 (optional) BUFSRC LBOOST FB PRIM D RZMPP SWBOOST (optional) CSRC Li-ion BATT battery BOOST AEM40940 BAL 2 CBOOST QFN28 5x5 mm STATUS 2 : 0 Micro- SWBUCK LVOUT controller LBUCK BUCK CLV ENHV Radio HVOUT ENLV CBUCK transceiver CHV DDDSSS AAAEEEMMM444000999444000 RRREEEVVV111...111 CCCooopppyyyrrriiiggghhhttt ccc 222000111888 eee---pppeeeaaasss SSSAAA 111 CFG 2 : 0 REDRP SELMPP 1 : 0 REDRM STONBATT GNDDDDAAATTTAAASSSHHHEEEEEETTT AAAEEEMMM444000999444000 Contents List of Figures 1 Introduction 3 1 Simplied schematic view 3 2 Pinout diagram QFN28 . 4 2 Absolute Maximum Ratings 5 3 Functional block diagram 7 4 Simplied schematic view of the AEM40940 8 3 Thermal Resistance 5 5 Diagram of the AEM40940 modes 8 6 Typical application circuit 1 . 13 4 Typical Electrical Characteristics at 25 C 5 7 Typical application circuit 2 . 14 8 Cold start with a capacitor connected to BATT . 15 5 Recommended Operation Conditions 6 9 Cold start with a battery connected to BATT 15 10 Overvoltage mode 16 6 Functional Block Diagram 7 11 Shutdown mode (without primary battery) . 16 7 Theory of Operation 8 12 Switch to primary battery if the battery is overdis- charged 17 7.1 Deep sleep & Wake up modes . 8 13 Boost eciency for current delivered by the rectier 7.2 Normal mode 9 7.3 Overvoltage mode . 9 at 100 A, 1 mA, 10 mA and 100 mA . 18 7.4 Primary mode . 10 14 Quiescent current with LDOs on and o 18 7.5 Shutdown mode 10 15 HVOUT at 3.3 V and 2.5 V . 19 7.6 Maximum power point tracking 10 16 LVOUT at 1.2 V and 1.8 V . 19 7.7 Balun for dual-cell supercapacitor 10 17 HVOUT eciency at 1.8 V, 2.5 V and 3.3 V 20 18 Eciency of BUCK cascaded with LVOUT at 1.2 V 8 System Conguration 11 and 1.8 V 20 8.1 Battery and LDOs conguration 11 19 Eciency for 868MHz band . 21 8.2 MPPT conguration 11 20 Eciency for 915MHz band . 21 8.3 Primary battery conguration . 11 21 Eciency for 2.4GHz band . 21 8.4 ZMPPT conguration . 11 22 Overalleciency(RFpathandboostconverter)with 8.5 Start-on-battery conguration . 11 VBOOST = 4.5V 21 8.6 No-battery conguration 11 23 Schematic example 22 8.7 Storage element information 11 24 Proposedmatchingnetworkfora50antenna(track impedance in red) 23 9 Typical Application Circuits 13 25 Layout example for the AEM40940 and its passive 9.1 Example circuit 1 13 components 24 9.2 Example circuit 2 14 26 Recommended PCB stackup . 24 27 QFN28 5x5mm 25 10 Performance Data 18 28 Board layout . 25 10.1BOOST conversion eciency . 18 10.2Quiescent current . 18 List of Tables 10.3High-voltage LDO regulation . 19 10.4Low-voltage LDO regulation 19 1 Pins description 4 10.5High-voltage LDO eciency 20 2 Absolute maximum ratings 5 10.6Low-voltage LDO eciency 20 3 Thermal data . 5 10.7RF path eciency . 21 4 Electrical characteristics . 5 10.8Overall eciency 21 5 Recommended operating conditions . 6 6 Minimum input power for the cold start (typical). 11 Schematic 22 Resultsobtainedwiththematchingnetworkdesigned 11.1AEM schematic 22 by e-peas . 8 11.2Matching network schematic 23 7 LDOs congurations . 9 8 Usage of CFG 2:0 11 12 Layout 24 9 Usage of SELMPP 1:0 11 12.1RF layout consideration 24 10 BOMexampleforAEM40940anditsrequiredpassive 13 Package Information 25 components 22 13.1Plastic quad atpack no-lead (QFN28 5x5mm) . 25 11 BOMexampleforAEM40940matchingnetworksand 13.2Board layout 25 their required passive components 23 12 RecommendedtrackimpedanceforAEM40940match- ing network 24 DDDSSS AAAEEEMMM444000999444000 RRREEEVVV111...111 CCCooopppyyyrrriiiggghhhttt ccc 222000111888 eee---pppeeeaaasss SSSAAA 222