hev et al (2008):
EARM-17 F is a model developed by Igushev et al. (2008) to simulate the intrinsic apoptotic pathway in mammalian cells. It is based on a two-layer module regulated by two death receptors. The first layer consists of a Fas-regulated receptor-mediated mitochondrial death pathway and the second layer consists of Bid-regulated mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). The apoptotic cascade is triggered by either the Fas death receptor activating the caspase-8 or the Bid-induced permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane, which activates caspase-9. The model also includes interactions between caspase-8, -9, and -3, as well as the modulation of these enzymes. The EARM-17 F model captures a wide range of dynamics, including caspase activation, receptor interactions, mitochondrial permeabilization, and regulation of caspase-mediated apoptosis.